George Washingtons Impact on U.S - Free Essay Example

George Washington, born on February 22, 1732 in Virginia, was the first president of the United States of America. â€Å"Realizing that the way he handled the job would impact how future presidents approached the position, he handed down a legacy of strength, integrity and national purpose.† Washington showed his strong role of leadership through being the commander of the Continental Army through the American Revolutionary War. Before becoming president, Washington began working as a Surveyor. Being the first president, George Washington had major impacts on America socially, economically and politically. Washington had an effect on main events such as The French and Indian war, the American Revolution, the Whiskey Rebellion and more. Being the first president, the actions that George Washington took would affect how future generations follow. He set precedents that were then followed by future presidents, such as the formation of a cabinet, which are heads of the executive departments. An additional precedent set by Washington was the precedent of American neutrality. He knew that for a new nation, trade was necessary, but that alliances may force it into a war. He was the one who set the ground of the U.S. foreign policy in his Farewell Address. His Farewell Address served as a warning of the dangers of of having permanent alliances with other nations. Even though he supported economic ties to other countries, he warned the nation to divert from political commitments with other nations. Washington also strengthened the new government through the support of Hamilton’s financial policies, like when it came to the Whiskey Rebellion. The Whiskey Rebellion took place when the farmers refused to pay excise taxes on the whiskey that they had produced. This is when George Washington, â€Å"left with little recourse and at the urgings of Secretary Hamilton, Washington organized a militia force of 12,950 men and led them towards Western Pennsylvania†, (mountvernon.org) and the Whiskey Rebellion started. Washington taking these actions demonstrated his intentions to enforce the federal law. When it came to the American Revolution, Washington was responsible for gathering and training the continental army and being the colonial commander in chief. â€Å"Washington proved to be a better general than military strategist. His strength lay not in his genius on the battlefield but in his ability to keep the struggling colonial army together. His troops were poorly trained and lacked food, ammunition and other supplies. However, Washington was able to give them the direction and motivation to keep going.† (history.com) This shows that the military skills of these soldiers weren’t ideal but Washington’s leadership role outweighed that. Washington had a part in the French and Indian war in that â€Å"in December 1752, Washington, who had no previous military experience, was made a commander of the Virginia militia. He saw action in the French and Indian War and was eventually put in charge of all of Virginia’s militia forces.† (history.com) After Washington decided to resign from his position in the military, he was asked to fight with the British in the French and Indian war. â€Å"This military position offered Washington his first real experience fighting alongside an experienced military professional. Additionally, he took keen interest in the strategies of the British army. These observations would later allow Washington to attempt to predict the movements of the British forces during the Revolutionary War.† (georgewashington.org) The fact that Washington took this opportunity to fight in the French and Indian War after he resigned, gave him the experience that he needed to later fight in t he Revolutionary War.

How Many Habitable Planets are in the Milky Way Galaxy

One of the most profound questions we can ask about our universe is whether or not life exists out there. More popularly put, many people wonder if they have visited our planet? Those are good questions, but before scientists can answer those, they need to search out worlds where life might exist. NASAs Kepler Telescope is a planet-hunting instrument specifically designed to search for worlds orbiting distant stars. During its primary mission, it uncovered thousands of possible worlds out there and showed astronomers that planets are quite common in our galaxy. However, does that mean that any of them are actually habitable? Or better yet, that life actually exists on their surfaces? This Kepler Space Telescope image shows our position in the galaxy and the target area the telescope used to search out extrasolar planets across 3,000 light-years of space. The small blue circle on Earth shows the approximate extent that our radio, TV, and telecommunications signals have reached in just over a century since radio was first used. Galaxy painting by Jon Lomberg. NASA/Kepler Planet Candidates While data analysis is still underway, results from the Kepler mission have revealed thousands of planet candidates. More than three thousand have been confirmed as planets, and some of them are orbiting their host star in the so-called habitable zone. Thats a region around the star where liquid water could exist on the surface of a rocky planet. The numbers are encouraging, but they only reflect a small part of the sky. That is because Kepler did not survey the entire galaxy, but rather only one four-hundredth of the sky. And even then, its data only indicate a small fraction of the planets that could possibly exist throughout the galaxy. As additional data is accumulated and analyzed, the number of candidates will increase. Extrapolating out to the rest of the galaxy, scientists estimate that the Milky Way could contain upwards of 50 billion planets, 500 million of which could be in their stars habitable zones. Thats a lot of planets to discover! And of course, this is only for our own galaxy. There are billions upon billions more galaxies in the universe. Unfortunately, they are so far away that it is unlikely that we will ever know if life exists within them. However, if conditions were ripe for life in our neighborhood of the cosmos, chances are good that it can happen elsewhere, given enough materials and time. Its important to remember, however, that these numbers need to be taken with a grain of salt. Not all stars are created equal, and most of the stars in our galaxy exist in regions that may be inhospitable to life. Finding Planets in the Galactic Habitable Zone Normally when scientists use the words habitable zone, they are referring to a region of space around a star where a planet would be able to sustain liquid water, meaning the planet is neither too hot, nor too cold. But, it also  has to contain the needed blend of heavy elements and compounds to provide the necessary building blocks for life. A planet that occupies such a Goldilocks spot that is just right must also be free of the bombardment of excessive amounts of very high energy radiation (i.e., x-rays and gamma-rays). Those would seriously hinder the development of even basic life forms such as microbes. In addition, the planet probably shouldnt be in a very star-crowded region, since gravitational effects may prevent conditions from being conducive to life. Thats the reason that its not very likely there are worlds at the hearts of globular clusters, for example. A planets place in the galaxy may also affect its ability to contain life. In order to satisfy the heavy element condition, a world should be reasonably close to the galactic center (i.e., not near the edge of the galaxy). However, the inner parts of the galaxy could well be populated with supermassive stars about to die. Because of the high energy radiation from nearly continuous supernovae, that region could be dangerous for planets with life. The Galactic Habitable Zone So, where does that leave the search for life? The spiral arms are a good start, but they can be populated by a lot of supernova-prone stars or clouds of gas and dust where new stars are forming. So that leaves the regions between the spiral arms that are more than a third of the way out, but not too close to the edge. An artists concept of what our galaxy looks like from outside. Note the bar across the center and the two main arms, plus smaller ones. NASA/JPL-Caltech/ESO/R. Hurt While controversial, some estimates put this Galactic Habitable Zone at less than 10% of the galaxy. Whats more is that, by its own determination, this region is decidedly star-poor; most of the galaxies stars in the plane are in the bulge (the inner third of the galaxy) and in the arms. So we may only be left with 1% of the galaxys stars that can support life-bearing planets. And it may be less than even that, much less. So How Likely Is Life in Our Galaxy? This, of course, brings us back to Drakes Equation—a somewhat speculative, yet fun tool for estimating the number of alien civilizations in our galaxy. The very first number on which the equation is based is simply the star formation rate of our galaxy. But it doesnt take into account where these stars are forming, an important element considering the fact that most of the new stars born reside outside the habitable zone. Suddenly, the wealth of stars, and therefore potential planets, in our galaxy seems rather small when considering the potential for life. So what does this mean for our search for life? Well, it is important to remember that however difficult it may appear for life to emerge, it did so at least once in this galaxy. So there is still hope that it could, and has, happened elsewhere. We just have to find it. Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Nature vs Nurture Essay - 570 Words

Nature vs Nurture The issues pitting nature against nurture are exceptionally significant for the gamut of discoveries that attribute an increasing proportion of traits and behaviours to ones genetic makeup. The resulting variety of physical shortcomings and limitations in each person has, for centuries, been countered by endeavours to improve or interfere where necessary, and every individual is consequently the product of a delicate middle path of balance between the two. The importance of nurturing is nearly boundless, and there is no better evidence than the oft-cited case of identical twins who, despite identical nuclear genomes and mitochondrial DNA, will duly differ in physique and behaviour if raised (i.e., nurtured) in†¦show more content†¦It follows that the quality - or lack thereof - of a persons genetic makeup may impose physical barriers and limitations on the upward mobility implicit in the concept of nurturing. Persons disadvantaged by the misfortune of hereditary conditions such as thalassemia, sickle cell anemia and phenylketonuria are testimonies to the importance of the genome, and it is for want of a certain quality of life, that intervention is necessary. Furthermore, as Theodore Friedmann writes in Gene Therapy, the fundamental cause of many diseases has been traced to genetic defects responsible for setting up a condition of increased susceptibility to either infectious or damaging agents in the environment (70). The gen etic component in a broad range of afflictions, including cancer, indeed cannot be over-emphasised. Hence the urgency to remedy the very root of the condition, bordering on an attempt to nurture even nature itself. MIT scientist David Baltimore is quoted elsewhere in the same volume as commenting that while the pharmacological treatment of diseases has ameliorated conditions and... dealt with symptoms... it has very rarely solved the underlying problems and very rarely provided... a normal life for the individuals who are afflicted (57). Much headway has since been made in areas such as recombinant DNA gene transfer and in gene fixing -Show MoreRelatedNature Vs Nurture : Is The Nature Or Nurture?1300 Words   |  6 PagesAoS 3: Student Directed Research Investigation Unit 1 Psychology - Megan Rodrigues RESEARCH QUESTION How is the nature vs nurture debate related to a consideration of the mental disorder, schizophrenia? INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is categorized by thoughts or experiences that seem abnormal with reality, disorganized speech or behaviour and decreased participation in regular daily activities. Difficulty with memory and concentration are sometimes also present. 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In Sincero’s article Nature and Nurture Debate she discusses arguments for both sides, saying behavior may be completely in a person’s genes, or it could come from experience and influence. Many people believe â€Å"that the criminal acts, tendencyRead MoreNature And Nurture : Nature Vs. Nurture1780 Words   |  8 PagesAs Nature Made Him: Nature vs. Nurture Human behavior is determined by both biological and environmental factors. Psychologists are interested in learning which of these factors is a greater influence on human behavior and identity. Although psychologists today generally agree that both nature and nurture play a role in conditioning behavior, there is still disagreement about the part that each of the factors have in determining behavior. The nature versus nurture debate focuses around the extentRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture1821 Words   |  8 Pages Nature and nurture are usually seen as very different things, but they are actually somewhat similar and even integrated. There is a huge debate over which holds more influence over how people develop and whether they behave based on genes or their environment. In Sincero’s article Nature and Nurture Debate she discusses arguments for both sides, saying behavior may be completely in a person’s genes, or it could come from experience and influe nce. Many people believe â€Å"that the criminal acts, tendencyRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nurture1405 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 2015 Nature vs. Nurture Very few people know that the nature vs. nurture debate actually began early on with famous Greek philosophers such as Plato and Descartes. These two theorized that certain things were inborn and occurred naturally regardless of environmental factors (Cherry 1). Most people began to witness this debate in 1896 when the phrase â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture† was coined by English polymath, Francis Galton (â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture†Origins 1). At this point the nature vs. nurture debate grewRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nurture901 Words   |  4 Pagestime the proverbial nature vs. nurture question has sparked quite a debate. I hold the belief that nature vs. nurture is a zero-sum game. We essentially enter this existence, a lump of clay that needs molding in order to take form. So, I believe my creative abilities can be attributed to the sum of our genetic predisposition, the nurture of our mind, and the dynamic of both nature and nurture, with nurture being the predominant influencing factor. In psychology, nature refers to the inheritedRead MoreNature Vs Nurture And Nurture1777 Words   |  8 Pagesformed and cultivated through nature or nurture. This psychological anomaly is why I am writing this paper. Ever since I have enrolled in, and taken, a psychology class during my junior year, I have questioned whether every little emotion and action is because of nature or nurture. No topic is more widely explored and researched than morality. It cannot be scientifically or psychologically proven or tested, making any claim highly controversial. This idea, of nature vs nurture, that I had previously researchedRead MoreThe Nature Vs. Nurture1463 Words   |  6 PagesT What can we define as Human Nature and Nurture? The Nature vs. Nurture has been a long never ending debate for some time now. Nature vs Nurture has been so profoundly debated, that now it’s unclear whether what makes us who we are and what we do, nature or nurture. For purposes of this essay Nature is going to be defined as characteristics we acquire through our genetic and biological factors, while that Nurture is going to be defined characteristics we acquire through our interactions and influencesRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture1337 Words   |  6 PagesNature vs. Nurture There are many different ways that behavior can be explained, especially on the terms of nature vs. nurture. Aggression is a behavior that has been extensively analyzed in a complex manner and the causes of it can be explained many different ways. Aggression can be defined as hostile or destructive behavior that can cause injury or destructive outlook especially when caused by frustration. Nature can be defined as aspects of behavior that have been inherited or are genetic, while

Poor Economics A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Povert

Question: Discuss about the Poor Economics for A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty. Answer: 1. Increasing return on scale can be defined as more increase in the output level in comparison to the increase in input level. For example, Apple can have increasing returns to scale because of its brand loyalty, positive image among the customers, advanced technologies and innovation that influence the customers mindset positively. Due to its technical expertise and RD capabilities, the firm will be able to increase outputs more than the inputs. Consequently, apple uses superior technology that increases its production efficiency and ability to have increasing return on scale (Walshaw, 2014). But at the same time, increasing cost of raw material and lack of effective technologies may cause decreeing return on scale. For example, OfficeMax is a USA retail based firm that would have decreasing returns of scale because OfficeMax invest large amount of money in retail production input but lacks with required technology and efficiency, which might be a reason for declining return on sca le. OfficeMax merged with office depot for increasing the sale and demand through developing production efficiency, but it was not successful due to less market growth and innovation to meet customer needs. 2. Fixed cost is the cost that remains same at all level of activities and does not change with the change in the activity level in the organization. Proctor Gamble is the firm that has a significant level of the fixed costs due to having large number of stores and management of shelves along with the wages and salaries of the retail staff. It also uses different software to run its operations smoothly and to ensure the security of the data and for this, it pays fixed licensing and maintenance cost each year. The cost of software is also the sunk cost because it cannot be received in future (Banerjee and Duflo, 2012). The firm has paid the cost of buying the licenses of the different software that will be used over the years, but the cost cannot be recovered by the firm that makes it a sunk cost. 3. The invisible hand theory depicts no intervention of government and advocates a free market economy. According to this, government interventions may affect the market efficiency. For example, the government interventions in the health care industry of the USA caused an increased in the quality of care, but at the same time, it prevented the competition and caused the monopoly of some larger hospitals (Hausmann, et al, 2014). It caused an increase in the cost of treatment and low output in healthcare due to lack of effective RD. But at the same time, government interventions are effective to improve the services and consequently the social welfare from the business practices. For example, government interventions in USA airline industry through the regulations forced the firm to improve the competition and to ensure betters services to the customers. The government provided indirect subsidies; bailout service and tax support to small airline firms for maintaining their service and provide reasonable fare service to its customers (Jaffe, 2016). It also facilitated a control over the prices and increased overall efficiency in the market. 4. Cairn India and Vedanta merger plan in June 2016 is a strategic behavior in action. It means merger will strengthen the resources of Vedanta as well benefit the shareholders. Consequently, it will create the value for the stakeholders. This strategic behavior of merger will help in developing core competence in the market (Benna, 2014). The major players in this strategic behavior are cairn India and Vedanta ltd as both are involved in the merger process. At their disposable both are using the negotiation strategy along with lobbying to gain better deal and benefits for their shareholders. These strategies are working for both the firms to improve their favor in the strategic behavior and to get the required benefits. In this strategic behavior, one firm will buy the shares of other firms at an agreed price and it will cause an increase in return and market share of the buyer firm. Overall, both the firms will get benefited from this strategic behavior. 5. The understanding of risk attitude of the customers can be significant for the firm because it would facilitate an opportunity for increasing the sales of the firm. It is because it will enable the firms to determine the behavior and attitude of the customers towards the new products and services of the firm and to change the organizational offerings accordingly. For example, a risk take customers will like to adopt the new products and services and their behavior understanding can enable the firm to bring continuous changes in its products and to sell them to the customers adequately (Hoffman, and Bateson, 2016). For the risk-averse customers, firms can use the direct selling method because through this method; firm facilitate a direct interaction with the customers that is effective to ensure them for the product and to increase the trust of them in the organization goods and services. Through the direct selling method, the firm can sell to the risk-averse customer better by eli minating all their issues and conflicts. Marketing 1. Brand extension is a method of launching new product by the name of existing brand. I believe that brand extension is an important brand growth strategy because it helps to facilitate the new product and services through creating a positive mindset and trustworthy image among the customers. Brand extensions help the firms to ensure the acceptance of their new products and services in the market due to having the particular image among the target market for the brand (Wang, 2014). For example, Samsung uses the same brand name for all its products due to its quality image and trust among the customers. Brand extension works on the basis of brand loyalty that helps us to increase the brand equity by developing a favorable positioning among the customers. Therefore, brand extension is the efficient way to enter in the new market because the original brand is already in the mind of customers. For example, Apple expands its market from computer to mobile phone quite easily and became th e market leader due to its quality image and brand loyalty. 2. For service organizations, it is difficult to manage their market share and customer base due to lack of tangibility. Services are intangible and it creates challenges to promote, control, quality, and set price by the service firms due to dependency on the efficiency of a firm (Hoffman, and Bateson, 2016). The service organizations also face issue in differentiating their services from the others in their marketing prices and to adopt an effective pricing strategy due to cost of each service comes differently. The effective promotional mean is another challenge for the service organizations due to intangibility that makes most of the promotional methods inappropriate and it affects the organizational ability to increase consumer awareness. For these challenges, the service organizations need to follow unique marketing strategies by tangibles their services (Mason, and Evans, 2015). For example, the firms can compare their services with other firms services in terms of time, or ot her features that will make the services tangible and will increase the organizational marketing efforts. 3. ABT Electronic is USA based corporation, which is engaged in retailing business. It is a regional organization but it has higher sales equal to 400 million along with good demand. Due to this, it has opportunity of co-branding with Wal-Mart to increase its image and reach to market. ABT electronics will have various advantages of this co-branding due to developing the brand image, market reach, customer base, market expansion and consequently the revenue of the firm. It will increase the market share of the company and also increase the awareness regarding the company products (Kim and Mauborgne, 2015). It will also be effective to decline the competition and improving competitive position of the firm. But at the same time, it may affect the individual recognition of the firm due to brand impact of Wal-Mart and its cost leadership strategy that may affect the overall profitability of the firm. 4. McDonald is a fast food restaurant that offers food services through 3600 local restaurant and approximately 60 million people worldwide per day. Due to having youth customers as the target market, McDonald exercises the social media and web based marketing techniques for increasing market share and profitability. It is quite effective to increase its product awareness among the customers and consequently their responses positively. The continuous growth of McDonalds is the indicator of the success of its strategies (Watanabe, et al, 2015). The average annual earnings growth of McDonalds is 9.20%, which is effective to ensure the success of its marketing strategies. In US only, the compounded growth rate of McDonalds is 2.3% because of its web based marketing and social media strategies in the year 2015 due to convenience to the customer an increase in their awareness for the organizational products (Woolley, 2015). References Banerjee, A. and Duflo, E. (2012). Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty. UK: PublicAffairs. Benna, P.L. (2014). Mergers and Acquisitions: India under Globalisation. USA: Routledge. Hausmann, R., Hidalgo, A. C., Bustos, S., Coscia, M. and Simoes, A. (2014).The Atlas of Economic Complexity: Mapping Paths to Prosperity. USA: MIT Press. Hoffman, K.D. and Bateson, J.E.G. (2016). Services Marketing: Concepts, Strategies, Cases (5th ed.).USA: Cengage Learning. Jaffe, S.D. (2016). Airspace Closure and Civil Aviation: A Strategic Resource for Airline Managers. USA: Routledge. Kim, C. W. and Mauborgne, R. (2015). Blue Ocean Strategy, Expanded Edition: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant. USA: Harvard Business Review Press. Mason, R. and Evans, B. (2015). The Lean Supply Chain: Managing the Challenge at Tesco. UK: Kogan Page Publishers. Walshaw, T. (2014). Increasing Returns to Scale. USA: Lulu.com. Wang, C.L. (2014). Brand Management in Emerging Markets: Theories and Practices: Theories and Practice. USA: IGI Global. Watanabe, T., Uesugi, I. and Ono, A. (2015). The Economics of Inter firm Networks. USA: Springer. Woolley, D. (2015). The Marketing Management Posts. USA: Fontaine Press Pty Ltd.